To build and develop the nation's mechanical industry is a very difficult task, but impossible not to do. When a country has a strong mechanical production, not inferior to other countries, it can be self-reliant, ensure national defense - security and socio-economic development, especially in the volatile world situation such as: Currently. Therefore, the State needs to have specific policies to invest in the development of the mechanical industry.
Not enough resources to play the right role.
In recent years, with the guidelines and lines of the Party, the participation of the National Assembly and the drastic management of the Government, ministries, branches and localities, the process of restructuring the industry is going into reality. . Industry has become the industry with the highest growth rate and labor productivity among economic sectors. Specifically, the proportion of processing and manufacturing industry in the internal structure of the industry is estimated at 92.3% in 2019, becoming the main growth driver with an average growth rate of 10.69%. Besides, Vietnam's industrial competitiveness index is increasingly narrowing, ranking 44th in the world. However, the above figure includes industrial products held by foreign direct investment (FDI) enterprises, while Vietnam's mechanical, processing and manufacturing enterprises are low. much more. At the same time, the growth rate of industrial labor productivity is also very low compared to other countries in the region; technology is slow to innovate, largely lagging behind the world average; There is a shortage of high-quality, skilled human resources in the industry. On the other hand, the internal restructuring of the processing and manufacturing industry is still slow, mainly processing and assembling activities in the low segment of the global value chain. Vietnam has not been able to proactively source inputs for production and has to import up to 91.2% of the means of production, leading to a low rate of localization and domestic value-added. In the current context when we are implementing the industrial revolution 4.0, but with the current level of domestic mechanical and manufacturing industry, it is very difficult to successfully industrialize and modernize.
In fact, mechanical engineering has always been identified by our Party and State as a very important industry in the national economy because of the lack or lack of mechanical development, we will only be able to work for foreign workers with low wages, limited economic and defense potential. Unfortunately, up to now, in Vietnam, there are still many managers as well as some economic experts who think that the role and development of Vietnam's mechanical industry has expired, only an auxiliary role. to join the chain,... because this is the age of digital technology, the production of software products, the development of agriculture for export, the development of tourism as a smokeless industry. At the same time, some other comments said that domestic mechanical enterprises must also act on their own according to the law of the "invisible hand" of the market mechanism without necessarily having the "visible hand of the State". to be a "midwife".
Such a judgment is incorrect and unrealistic when looking at developed countries and in the region. The governments of these countries have been implementing very methodically and thoroughly, focusing on developing the mechanical industry not only through a system of policies and financial incentives but also by measures to protect the market in the future. water is very tight. For example, they force foreign companies to spend a certain number of local workers if they want to participate in large industrial projects, regardless of investment capital; classifying bidding packages in projects for domestic enterprises to participate; even, some types of equipment can be produced in the country, do not bid abroad even though the price is higher. Since then, creating a stable market for mechanical development. Looking at Vietnam, at present, the domestic mechanical industry has manufactured a number of product sub-sectors with competitive advantages in the country and in the region. These are the sub-sectors of steel structure fabrication, non-standard goods production, manufacturing of a number of machines, equipment and spare parts to serve the needs of the electricity, oil and gas, mining, and material production industries. construction materials, manufacturing a number of farming machines, processing and preserving agricultural, forestry and seafood products, assembling cars, building ocean-going ships, passenger ships and water transport...
Reasonable protection of the market.
According to preliminary data, for many years, our country has imported from abroad about 40 billion USD/year of equipment, machines and production materials for the whole economic sector including industrial production, agriculture, infrastructure construction, services and defense - security. It is a fairly large market that many countries want to have but cannot. However, the domestic mechanical engineering industry does not have much market share, has to self-advocate and develop without receiving effective support from the State's policy system in order to have many orders from public investment such as: in other countries, leading to mechanical enterprises, which lacked orders, also lost at home. National Assembly Vice Chairman Phung Quoc Hien commented: In the coming time, we will implement many important big projects with a large total investment such as: Electricity planning period 2021 - 2030 about 133 billion USD, high-speed railway altitude 50 to 60 billion USD, Long Thanh International Airport, inner city railway lines, traffic works, irrigation, oil and gas, marine economy, shipbuilding, cars, motorbikes... Therefore, it is necessary to have strict regulations on the reasonable ratio in the volume and value of the project to ensure that domestic mechanical enterprises participate as international practice, so everything should not be bought from abroad but encouraged. encourage technology transfer to do it yourself. When surveying at Truong Hai Automobile Joint Stock Company, Gia Lam Railway Joint Stock Company (Vietnam Railways Corporation), these units confirmed that, in addition to passenger cars, freight cars for national railways In addition, the factory can completely build its own light wagons for urban railway (metro) if required. In addition, it is necessary to strictly control the issuance of certificates of origin for Vietnamese / ASEAN exports in association with the localization rate in both the FDI sector as well as in domestic mechanics, to avoid transfer pricing and raise prices. overstate the production value when it is not really satisfactory to enjoy preferential policies.
In order to sustainably develop the domestic mechanical industry, the State needs to have specific policies because if enterprises invest in mechanical engineering with equipment and technology of 3.0 and 4.0, they must borrow at the same interest rate as other economic sectors. otherwise, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of improving internal resources for Vietnamese mechanics, let alone compete with other countries. Some other important issues that need to be strongly directed and implemented by the State are the use of technical barriers, the origin of goods, etc. to reasonably protect the domestic market like other countries in the world have been and are doing. actively implemented. It is necessary to consider the equality of investment incentives between domestic mechanical enterprises and FDI enterprises. In addition, the State needs to create many orders for Vietnamese mechanical enterprises, especially public investment projects. At the same time, investors of large-scale projects (regardless of capital sources) in Vietnam must have an appendix, separating the parts for domestic enterprises participating in the bidding to perform. In addition, in order to help leaders of the Party, National Assembly and Government to promptly direct the development of the domestic mechanical industry, Vietnam needs to immediately form a focal point to study mechanisms, policies, and home management. resources for the development of Vietnam's mechanical industry, excluding FDI enterprises as the long-standing calculation method.
Also according to Vice Chairman of the National Assembly Phung Quoc Hien, from the experience of focusing on directing the outstanding development of the agricultural sector in recent years, with determination, insight, direction, Vietnam's domestic mechanical engineering industry The South will also have breakthrough developments. With the talent of Vietnamese people and the existing foundation, if invested, encouraged and promoted, Vietnam's mechanical, processing and manufacturing industry will also make a miracle "Made in Vietnam" as we wish.
Dao Phan Long - President of Vietnam Association of Mechanical Enterprises (VAMI) (nhandan.vn)